EMERGENCY ROOM MEDICATIONS FOR HEADACHES THAT DO NOT RESPOND TO THERAPY
A number of "emergency" drugs are effective in relieving an acute headache attack that does not respond to other medications. Generally, these drugs are not intended for ongoing treatment or prevention of migraine headaches but administered in the physician's office or hospital setting.
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE
Dihydroergotamine, sold under the brand name D.H.E. 45, is given by injection. It may be administered for up to a week if you are hospitalized for headache pain. Possible side effects include diarrhea, leg muscle pain, and abdominal cramps.
OPIOIDS (NARCOTICS)
Meperidine, sold under the brand name Demerol, is administered by injection in the emergency room. This narcotic pain reliever can become habit-forming if used regularly for a long time. Possible side effects include dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Butorphanol, sold under the brand name Stadol, is given as an injection or as a nasal spray. Both injectable and nasal spray preparations provide rapid pain relief. Its pain-relief effect is highest about 30 minutes after administration; its effect lasts 3 to 4 hours. Possible side effects include drowsiness, nausea, and sweating.
NEUROLEPTICS
Two neuroleptics, or phenothiazines, are effective against headaches, especially when injected. Prochlorperazine is sold under the brand name Compazine. Chlorpromazine is sold as Thorazine and Ormazine. Possible side effects include constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, and nasal congestion.
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Corticosteroids, sold under the brand name of Decadron, are effective in treating an acute migraine headache attack, especially when injected. Possible side effects include hunger or loss of appetite, indigestion, restlessness, and trouble sleeping.
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